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1. Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent, and it is the sixth-largest country by land area, covering approximately 7.7 million square kilometres.
2. The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, is the largest living structure on Earth and can be seen from space. It is home to over 1,500 species of fish and more than 400 types of coral.
3. Australia is home to the world’s deadliest animal, the box jellyfish, whose sting can cause heart failure and death within minutes. The country is also known for other dangerous creatures like the funnel-web spider and saltwater crocodile.
4. The country is known for its unique wildlife, including the platypus, one of the few mammals that lay eggs, and the kangaroo, which can’t walk backwards. Australia also has more than 378 species of mammals and over 800 species of birds, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.
5. The Outback, the vast and remote interior of Australia, is one of the most sparsely populated areas in the world, with huge stretches of desert and iconic red rock formations like Uluru and Kata Tjuta. Some parts of the Outback are so isolated that residents rely on the Royal Flying Doctor Service for medical care.
6. Australia’s national symbol, the emu, is the second-largest bird in the world, capable of running at speeds of up to 50 km/h (31 mph). Along with the kangaroo, the emu is featured on the Australian coat of arms because neither animal can move backward, symbolizing progress.
7. Australia has 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Tasmanian Wilderness, Kakadu National Park, Fraser Island, the Sydney Opera House, and the Great Barrier Reef.
8. Australia is home to some of the oldest living organisms on the planet, such as the 5,000-year-old clonal trees of the Gondwana Rainforests and the stromatolites in Shark Bay, which are some of the oldest life forms on Earth.
9. The world’s longest fence, known as the Dingo Fence, stretches for over 5,600 kilometres (3,480 miles) and was originally built to keep wild dogs away from fertile farmland. It is one of the longest structures ever built.
10. Sydney’s iconic Opera House is not just an architectural marvel; it has over 1,500 rooms and hosts more than 1,500 performances each year. Its unique design was inspired by segments of an orange peel.
11. The Australian Alps receive more snow than Switzerland each year, making them a hidden gem for winter sports enthusiasts. The ski season typically runs from June to October.
12. The country boasts some of the world’s most poisonous creatures, including the inland taipan, which is the deadliest snake, the stonefish, which is one of the most venomous fish, and the blue-ringed octopus, whose venom can cause paralysis and death within minutes.
13. Australia is the birthplace of surfing, and its beaches, like Bondi Beach and Bells Beach, are world-renowned for their perfect waves. Surfing is a major part of Australian culture, with competitions attracting participants from around the globe.
14. Australia is one of the world’s leading producers of opals, and the town of Coober Pedy is famous for its underground homes built to escape the extreme heat. The town is often referred to as the “opal capital of the world.”
15. Australia was once part of the supercontinent Gondwana and is home to some of the oldest rocks on Earth, found in places like the Yilgarn Craton, which dates back over 3.6 billion years.
16. Canberra was chosen as Australia’s capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne. The city was purpose-built and designed by American architect Walter Burley Griffin.
17. The Nullarbor Plain is home to the world’s longest straight railway track, stretching 478 kilometres (297 miles) without a curve.
18. The Great Victoria Desert is the largest desert in Australia, covering an area of about 348,750 square kilometres (134,650 square miles), making it larger than the United Kingdom.
19. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on Earth, with about 70% of its landmass classified as arid or semi-arid.
20. The country has more than 10,000 beaches—if you visited one beach per day, it would take you over 27 years to see them all.

Australia is a land of extremes, from its deadly wildlife and vast deserts to its stunning natural wonders and vibrant cities. Whether you’re exploring its ancient landscapes, diving in the Great Barrier Reef, or enjoying its coastal culture, there’s always something fascinating to discover!

The Proteus uncrewed rotorcraft technology demonstrator has been unveiled after a joint project with the Royal Navy, MOD and Leonardo UK (Picture: Navy News)

The Royal Navy, in collaboration with the Ministry of Defence and a leading UK aerospace company, has revealed the design of a new uncrewed rotorcraft aimed at transforming maritime aviation.

Weighing three tonnes, the advanced aircraft is designed to enhance autonomy, modular payload capabilities, and cutting-edge rotorcraft technology. As part of a £60 million project, the aircraft will play a key role in modernising naval aviation and supporting critical missions such as anti-submarine warfare.

Scheduled for its first flight in mid-2025, the rotorcraft will serve as a test platform for autonomous systems, innovative design, and advanced manufacturing techniques. A key feature of its design is a modular payload bay, which allows operators to swap equipment based on mission requirements, balancing fuel capacity and operational needs. This flexibility reduces the need for multiple aircraft types and enhances operational efficiency.

The project is part of a broader effort to integrate large autonomous vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft into the Royal Navy’s fleet. It will test and refine advanced flight control systems, including algorithms crucial for future uncrewed maritime operations. Additionally, a virtual replica of the aircraft is being developed to explore artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities in a simulated environment.

This technology demonstrator represents a major step forward in the Royal Navy’s strategy to modernise its aviation capabilities and embrace the future of autonomous warfare.

Australia is transforming its legacy M113AS4 Armoured Personnel Carriers into cutting-edge Optionally Crewed Combat Vehicles (OCCVs), revolutionising the battlefield with autonomous warfare technology. In collaboration with BAE Systems Australia, the Australian Army is enhancing operational flexibility, reducing soldier exposure to combat risks, and preparing for future conflicts where unmanned systems play a pivotal role. This video explores how these robotic M113AS4s integrate advanced autonomy, remote weapon systems, and AI-driven battlefield awareness, allowing for manual, remote, and fully autonomous operations. From combat missions to reconnaissance and logistics, these vehicles mark a significant shift in modern military strategy. Discover how Australia is leveraging autonomous military vehicles to stay ahead in the Indo-Pacific defence landscape and how this project compares to global military advancements in robotic warfare.

A video dedicated to the soldiers who served in the 7th Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment.

21 February 2025

Following passage of the Veterans’ Entitlements, Treatment and Support (Simplification and Harmonisation) Act 2025, the first level of external merits review for all claim decisions made after 21 April will be to the Veterans’ Review Board (VRB), regardless of which Act a veteran has coverage under. The VRB is a non-adversarial, low-cost jurisdiction.

This extends access to the VRB for veterans whose claims came under the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation (Defence-related Claims) Act 1988 (DRCA).

The introduction of a ‘single review pathway’ simply means that if you are not happy with your claim outcome after 21 April, you can lodge an appeal for the decision to be reviewed by the VRB, without having to go straight to the Administrative Review Tribunal.

Information on how to appeal to the VRB will be included in determination letters from April. If the VRB does not uphold your appeal, you can then take the matter to the Administrative Review Tribunal.

More information is on our website: www.dva.gov.au/legislationreform

The F-35B is designed for short take-off and vertical landing, allowing it to operate from small runways or ship decks (Picture: Royal Navy)

The F-35 Lightning II is one of the most sophisticated military aircraft in the world, with its A and B models sharing many core systems but remaining distinctly different in their capabilities. While Japan already operates the F-35A, the conventional land-based variant, the Japan Air Self-Defence Force (JASDF) is now being introduced to the F-35B.

Working with experienced F-35 pilots as part of the US Patuxent River Integrated Test Force, specialists are conducting a series of tests with the F-35B to ensure its successful integration. These trials aim to provide Japan with recommendations on how to fully operate the aircraft in the future. They also involve unique deck manoeuvres, such as landing facing aft, landing across the deck with the aircraft’s nose facing the superstructure, and vertical take-offs.

Although both F-35A and F-35B models are variants of the same aircraft, key differences set them apart. The F-35A is lighter, more agile, has greater range, and is less expensive, while the F-35B is a multi-role aircraft designed for short take-off and vertical landing. This capability allows it to operate from small runways or ship decks, making it a valuable asset for maritime operations.

There are three main variants of the F-35: A, B, and C, with all British versions being the B model. In March 2020, the UK’s then-defence minister announced that the cost of an F-35B was approximately $115 million (about £88.8 million), covering its airframe and engine expenses.

Japan has invested in 42 F-35B aircraft, which will be flown from Izumo-class multi-purpose destroyers, led by JS Kaga. Originally commissioned as a helicopter destroyer, JS Kaga is undergoing modifications to operate as a light aircraft carrier. The upgrades include an extended flight deck of more than 800 feet, a redesigned superstructure, and the removal of a ski ramp.

During the trials, extensive data has been gathered and analysed, with findings set to be presented to the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force. Further collaboration will continue, with British pilots expected to fly F-35s from the Japanese vessel again this summer as part of joint exercises in the Pacific during the 2025 Carrier Strike Group deployment.

Sky News

The Australian citizenship process should be a moment of national pride, free from political influence or manipulation. However, recent reports indicate that the Home Affairs Minister, Tony Burke, has taken an active role in a significant number of citizenship ceremonies, raising concerns over the politicisation of what should be an impartial process.

Reports suggest that Mr Burke’s department will oversee 25 citizenship ceremonies before March 4, granting Australian citizenship to over 12,000 individuals. Notably, these events include a three-day ceremony at Sydney Olympic Park, where up to 6,000 people are expected to become citizens.

The concern is not with granting citizenship to deserving migrants who have fulfilled all legal and procedural requirements. Rather, the issue lies in the unprecedented level of ministerial involvement and the apparent focus on key electorates in Western Sydney. Traditionally, local councils have overseen these ceremonies, ensuring that the process remains independent of federal government influence. The sudden shift in approach, just weeks before an election, raises valid questions about the motivations behind these decisions.

Several public figures, including Shadow Home Affairs Minister James Paterson and local mayors, have voiced their concerns. Senator Paterson has called for an explanation from the government, questioning why these ceremonies are being centralised under ministerial oversight and why Western Sydney is receiving particular attention. He has also requested transparency regarding the expenditure of taxpayer funds on these ceremonies.

Fairfield Mayor Frank Carbone has criticised the move, suggesting that the increased ceremonies and Mr Burke’s personal involvement could be an attempt to influence votes in favour of the Labor Party. He emphasised that citizenship is about pledging allegiance to Australia and its people, not to a political figure or party. Similarly, Liverpool Mayor Ned Mannoun noted that Mr Burke personally handed out certificates at one event—an unusual practice for a federal minister.

Blacktown Mayor Brad Bunting welcomed Mr Burke’s attendance but acknowledged that it was rare for a minister to participate in such ceremonies. Blacktown, one of the most diverse local government areas in the country, already has a structured citizenship ceremony program in place, making the minister’s involvement all the more questionable.

Citizenship is one of the most significant milestones in a migrant’s life. It symbolises their formal acceptance into the Australian community and should remain a dignified, apolitical process. Any perception that the process is being used to carry political favour undermines public confidence in the integrity of Australia’s democratic institutions.

Australians deserve clarity on why these ceremonies have been ramped up in such a targeted manner and why a federal minister is playing a central role in what is traditionally a local government function. The timing of these ceremonies, so close to an election, cannot be ignored.

The Home Affairs Minister must provide a clear and transparent explanation to the public. Citizenship should never be used as a political tool—it is a national privilege that transcends party politics and deserves to be treated with the respect and impartiality it warrants.

eWise Blog

Despite China’s rapid military advancements, a large-scale military operation against Taiwan in 2025 remains unlikely. Several factors, including concerns over military command quality, economic challenges, social stability, and uncertainty surrounding U.S. policy, will likely prevent such a manoeuvre. However, China is expected to continue increasing pressure on Taiwan throughout the year.

The United States has identified a potential Chinese military move against Taiwan as a primary strategic concern. Military improvements in China should not be underestimated, as the country has made significant strides in artificial intelligence and overall military capability. By the end of 2025, China’s navy is projected to have 395 ships, including three operational aircraft carriers. It is also enhancing its amphibious capabilities with advanced assault ships capable of deploying troops, armoured vehicles, drones, and helicopters. Reports indicate China is constructing specialised barges to support potential amphibious landings.

China now possesses the largest aviation force in the region, with modern fighter jets and stealth aircraft that extend its operational range. Additionally, its nuclear weapons stockpile is expanding, and it now leads in hypersonic missile technology. The army has increased troop presence along the Taiwan Strait, enhancing its mobility, firepower, and rapid-strike capabilities.

Throughout 2024, China engaged in military exercises simulating Taiwan invasion and blockade scenarios. Following the inauguration of Taiwan’s new president, large-scale drills were launched, demonstrating China’s ability to encircle the island quickly. Subsequent exercises further showcased its capacity to enforce a blockade or quarantine. In December, a massive military display highlighted China’s defensive readiness against foreign intervention in the region.

Despite these advancements, significant obstacles remain. A key challenge is China’s lack of combat experience. While military drills improve preparedness, they cannot fully replicate the complexities of large-scale warfare, particularly urban combat and extended logistical operations required for a Taiwan invasion. Concerns persist regarding the capabilities of China’s officer corps, particularly in decision-making and adaptability. Corruption also continues to be a serious issue, with recent scandals resulting in high-profile dismissals within the military hierarchy.

Domestic factors further complicate military considerations. China faces demographic challenges, including an aging population and declining birth rates. Social unrest has been exacerbated by rising violence and a series of mass attacks. The economy is also struggling due to mounting local government debt, declining investor confidence, and real estate sector instability. Although China’s trade surplus has grown, Beijing remains cautious about potential economic conflicts with the United States and is actively working to strengthen ties with other global partners.

While China’s leadership likely has growing confidence in its military capabilities, the decision to use force against Taiwan has not been made. The 2027 timeline appears to be a target for military modernisation rather than a definitive invasion date. Economic and social stability concerns remain priorities for Beijing, and the response of the U.S. administration will play a crucial role in shaping China’s actions. Given these factors, while military exercises and coercion tactics against Taiwan will continue in 2025, the likelihood of a large-scale military operation remains low.

ED: From my inbox – thanks to Allan White. If you have an article, you’d like to share, please send it through to me, it saves me research time.

On 21st February 1956, a coordinated air raid was launched against the jungle base of the 7th Independent Platoon, Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA) in Central Johore, Malaya. The operation, carried out by Avro Lincolns of No. 1 Squadron RAAF and English Electric Canberra bombers of No. 12 Squadron RAF, resulted in the total destruction of the communist insurgents’ camp. This airstrike was regarded as the most successful of the 4,000 sorties flown by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960).

Australia’s Role in the Malayan Emergency

The Malayan Emergency was a conflict between British Commonwealth forces and the communist insurgents of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP). The MCP, seeking to overthrow British colonial rule, waged a guerrilla campaign primarily in Malaya’s dense jungles. To counter this, the British and their allies employed a strategy of jungle warfare, intelligence operations, and aerial bombardment to deny the insurgents safe havens.

Australia became involved in the conflict as part of its commitment to Commonwealth strategic interests in Southeast Asia. The RAAF deployed No. 1 Squadron to Malaya in 1950, equipped with Avro Lincoln heavy bombers, to conduct airstrikes against communist insurgents. The squadron was based at RAF Tengah, Singapore, and carried out numerous attacks on insurgent camps, supply routes, and suspected hideouts deep within the Malayan jungle.

In 1955, the RAAF also deployed No. 38 Squadron, equipped with Dakota transport aircraft, to provide logistical support, troop movements, and supply drops for Commonwealth ground forces engaged in counterinsurgency operations. Additionally, RAAF aircraft assisted with psychological warfare, dropping leaflets urging insurgents to surrender under the British “Briggs Plan”, which aimed to cut off communist support from rural communities.

The 21st February 1956 Raid

The air raid against the 7th Independent Platoon, MRLA, was meticulously planned based on intelligence reports indicating the presence of a well-established jungle base. The Avro Lincolns of No. 1 Squadron RAAF led the attack, delivering heavy bombing runs on the target. The RAF’s No. 12 Squadron Canberra bombers, known for their precision strikes, followed up with additional bombardment, ensuring the complete destruction of the encampment.

The success of this mission demonstrated the effectiveness of air power in counterinsurgency warfare, particularly in Malaya’s rugged terrain where conventional ground forces struggled to locate and engage communist guerrillas. The raid significantly weakened the MRLA’s operational capability in Johore and was a key example of how strategic aerial bombing contributed to the eventual defeat of the communist insurgency.

Australia’s Broader Commitment in Malaya

Beyond air operations, Australia played a wider role in the Malayan Emergency. In 1955, the Australian Army deployed the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2RAR) to Malaya as part of the British Commonwealth Far East Strategic Reserve. The battalion was engaged in patrolling, ambushes, and search-and-destroy missions against communist forces.

By 1958, the RAAF’s involvement was winding down, as the insurgency had been largely suppressed. However, Australian ground troops remained engaged in anti-guerrilla operations until the Emergency was officially declared over in 1960.

Legacy of Australian Involvement

Australia’s contribution to the Malayan Emergency was its first major post-World War II military commitment in Southeast Asia, setting a precedent for future deployments, including the Konfrontasi (Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation) and the Vietnam War. The experience gained in Malaya shaped Australia’s approach to counterinsurgency and strengthened its military ties with Britain and Malaysia.

The 21st February 1956 air raid remains one of the most notable air operations of the Malayan Emergency, showcasing the effectiveness of coordinated airstrikes in jungle warfare and reinforcing Australia’s role as a key Commonwealth ally in the region.

Photo from AWM collection

World Health Organization Warns Trump Funding Cuts May Delay Release of New Pandemic

GENEVA — World Health Organization (WHO) leaders are sounding the alarm Thursday, warning that President Trump’s temporary freeze on federal funding for the organization may delay the release of a new pandemic.

“And that would be terrible,” the organization said in a statement. “We’ve got a cool name for it and everything. Delaying the pandemic now would cost hundreds, maybe thousands of good-paying Chinese jobs.”

According to WHO officials, the next pandemic is expected to be a “real doozy” and lead to creative new policies like standing exactly 28.5 feet away from other people, wearing masks over your ears, and burning down churches. But now, at the rate American policies are changing, the pandemic may never even happen.

“No one wants to see their life’s work go down the drain,” said WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “It’s almost like Trump doesn’t even care who he hurts as long as he gets to save a buck.”

President Trump’s approval rating has risen by another 10 points in light of news of the pandemic’s likely delay and possible cancelation, surprising members of the mainstream media.

“The COVID pandemic was the best time of my life,” said CNN anchor Kaitlan Collins. “We got to scold people and get paid for it! Trump ruins everything!”

At publishing time, President Trump had responded to the WHO’s warning by making all funding cuts permanent.

ED: Smile!