In a significant move, Defence Minister Richard Marles has revoked the distinguished service medals of several current and former Australian Defence Force officers, linked to alleged war crimes committed under their command during the Afghanistan conflict.
Marles confirmed the potential for criminal prosecutions remains for personnel accused of war crimes, though the process is expected to take many years. Due to privacy concerns, the government has not disclosed the exact number of individuals affected, only confirming that fewer than ten officers have had their honours withdrawn.
Fewer than 15 commanders received letters informing them of the review’s outcomes, implying that some previously warned about losing their honours may retain them. Notably, former Chief of Defence Force General Angus Campbell, who earned a Distinguished Service Cross for his role as commander of Australian forces in the Middle East, is not among those to lose their awards.
This decision targets commanders responsible for oversight during Australia’s involvement in Afghanistan, rather than directly accusing or investigating the troops involved. Marles emphasized that his decisions align with the findings and recommendations of the Brereton Report, a landmark inquiry into alleged war crimes by Australian special forces in Afghanistan.
The government recently finalized its response to 139 of the 143 recommendations from the Brereton Report, which was published in 2020. The inquiry suggested that 19 soldiers should be investigated for the murder of 39 prisoners and civilians and the mistreatment of two others. This came after former Defence Minister Peter Dutton overturned a previous decision to strip over 3,000 Australian personnel of their meritorious unit citations for their service in Afghanistan.
Marles acknowledged the gravity of the situation, calling it a “national shame,” but highlighted that Australia’s commitment to accountability was clear through its response to the Brereton Report. He praised the bravery of Defence personnel who came forward with testimony during the inquiry, stating that their courage was essential to addressing past wrongs.
Shadow Defence Minister Andrew Hastie, a former Special Air Service (SAS) commander, acknowledged the emotional toll of the inquiry but emphasized the need for transparency. He stressed that while Australian soldiers have shown great courage, they are also capable of serious wrongdoing, which is why the Brereton Report was crucial. However, Hastie criticized the inquiry for not holding higher-ranking officers accountable, asserting that failures in moral leadership extended all the way to Canberra.
The government’s decision to reveal these details was carefully timed, coming shortly after the release of the final report from the Royal Commission into Defence and Veterans Suicide. However, Marles said it was important to address the findings of the Brereton Report promptly.
The Brereton inquiry highlighted the moral responsibility borne by commanders, stating that just as they are credited with a unit’s successes, they must also be held accountable for its failures. Former Justice Paul Brereton, who led the inquiry, found no evidence that higher-ranking officers knew of or failed to prevent the alleged war crimes. However, he concluded that troop, squadron, and task group commanders bear moral responsibility for the actions committed under their leadership.
While prosecutions for the alleged war crimes are still being considered, Marles reiterated that any legal proceedings would take years to conclude. These cases are being handled by the Office of the Special Investigator (OSI), which was established to deal with the legacy of the alleged misconduct.
Marles also confirmed that any prosecutions would take place in Australian courts, emphasizing the global significance of the accountability process led by the Brereton inquiry. Additionally, the government has established a compensation process for victims of alleged Australian misconduct, allowing individuals and families harmed by Australian troops to seek financial redress.