Why do we have gun salutes? Tradition that dates back to the 15th century

The gun salute is a traditional military honour used to mark significant royal events such as birthdays, anniversaries, and funerals. These salutes serve as a sign of respect or to extend a formal welcome. According to military tradition, an even number of rounds are fired for funerals, while an odd number of rounds are fired for all other occasions. The total number of rounds can vary depending on the event and location, but the standard number of rounds fired is 21, with additional rounds added in certain circumstances. For instance, in England gun salutes held at Green Park and Hyde Park include an extra 20 rounds because both sites are designated as Royal Parks.

This tradition is recognized by many nations worldwide and is considered one of the highest honours that can be bestowed upon an individual. The origins of the gun salute date back to the 15th century during the early days of sailing. Ships visiting friendly ports would fire their guns toward the sea to demonstrate to those onshore that they posed no threat.

The responsibility for performing the gun salute in the United Kingdom falls to the King’s Troop Royal Horse Artillery. This unit was established by Royal Decree after World War II to maintain “a Mounted Battery to fire salutes on state occasions, dressed in the traditional style.” Originally known as The Riding Troop, the unit was renamed by King George VI, Queen Elizabeth II’s father, who crossed out “Riding” in the visitor’s book and replaced it with “King’s.”

The gun salute remains a prominent and revered military custom, symbolizing honour and respect at significant events and reflecting a long-standing naval tradition of peaceful intentions.

First Australian Soldier to pass jungle warfare course

Up to his waist in mud, with a pack and the oppressive Amazon jungle humidity weighing him down, Sergeant Matthew Reid began to think he made a mistake.

A few weeks earlier, the training adviser from Jungle Training Wing arrived in French Guiana to undertake one of the world’s toughest jungle warfare courses.

Run by the French Foreign Legion, the eight-week Jaguar course is designed to train French lieutenants and sergeants to lead soldiers in jungle environments.

Those who successfully complete it are permitted to wear the coveted jaguar brevet.

Despite some initial nerves and a slight language barrier, Sergeant Reid settled in with the other participants, some of whom were also international.

“I learned some basic French – introductions and counting, left and right. There’s a minimum vocabulary to learn before the course,” he said.

After a week of acclimatisation, including environmental briefs, kit issue, weapon and physical training, participants had to pass a physical test to move onto the next phase.

“They basically run everywhere on the course, so it was good that before I left I did lots of running, bodyweight, and a lot of upper body strength,” Sergeant Reid said.

The next phase was two weeks of aguerrissement, which translates to hardening. This is when Sergeant Reid found himself covered in mud, rethinking his choices.

His section was conducting a stretcher carry over a 600m course, through waist-deep sucking mud the whole way, with two hours to complete it.

“I had to use my hands to lift up my leg and put that foot in front and then I’d fall over to the side. I was a bit of a liability on that one,” he said.

“I really enjoyed the rest of the course; there were definitely other difficult parts but that was the only time I thought about quitting.”

Despite being physically drained, knowing the task was only two hours long kept Sergeant Reid pushing until the end.

None of the sections completed the obstacle.

Participants then dropped into the jungle for a three-day survival exercise with patrol orders and tasks to complete, including building a shelter and fire, and eating only what they could forage or hunt.

Next was the combat phase, which comprised a week learning the Legions’ tactics, techniques and procedures, before two weeks of back-to-back missions, hand-to-hand combat, shooting, and finishing with SERE-B (Survival/Evasion/Resistance/Escape).

Instruction was given in French and those who couldn’t understand were paired with English-speaking francophiles to translate. This happened in reverse when English-speaking students gave orders.

The final phase of the course was synthesis, or combining elements, held on the island of Martinique. Students took turns leading a section through multi-day full-mission profiles, which culminated in a five-day, battalion-level exercise with the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment in the village of Cacao.

Surviving to the last day of course didn’t guarantee a pass. Students only found out if they were successful a few minutes before their graduation ceremony.

Names were read out in order of performance, and Sergeant Reid was relieved when his name was called – ranked 18th of 35 students – to become the first Australian to pass the course.

“I was very happy, like a big weight lifted off me,” he said.

“I loved it, probably not while I was doing it. There were definitely parts where I was like ‘this is rough’ but afterwards, I absolutely loved it. The staff from the Legion were extremely professional and incredibly proficient.

“I learned a lot about operating in jungle environments thanks to them. It was honestly a once-in-a-lifetime experience and I highly recommended it to anyone that wants to do it.”

 

 

Kel Richards’ Ozword of the Day: “Palestine”

Angry people keep chanting ‘free Palestine’ on our streets. They shout that ‘Palestine’ should stretch from the river (the Jordan River) to the sea (the Mediterranean Sea)-covering the territory currently occupied by the nation of Israel.

But what does this name ‘Palestine’ refer to? And where does it come from?

This area (which used to be called the ‘fertile crescent’ in the Ancient Near East) was first known as Canaan. It was occupied by the Jewish people over a period of time between 1200 and 1000 BC when it was named Israel.

That area continued to be called ‘Israel’ for the next thousand years. The region was conquered by the Roman Empire in 63 BC under Roman general Pompey. The Romans divided it into provinces, naming the central province ‘Judea’ (meaning ‘land of the Jews’).

Then, starting in 70 AD the Jews revolted against their Roman overlords. The Romans decided to suppress Jewish nationalism and prevent any future uprisings. As a part of this they changed the name.

The new name was chosen by the Romans from the ancient Philistines, who had lived along part of the coastline. By that time the Philistines had long disappeared as a distinct people. It was a deliberate choice by the Romans to erase Jewish historical and cultural ties to the land, as the Philistines were seen as foreign to the region.

That old word ‘Philistine’ became Palestina in Latin, which, in turn, became ‘Palestine’ in English (recorded from 1628).

Although many Jews were driven out of the area by the Romans (and scattered around the known world) many Jews still remained, and still thought of the area as their ancestral homeland.

Then in the seventh century Arabs began to flood into the area, under the military leadership of Mohammad and his powerful army. The area continued by the called ‘Palestine’ over the following centuries and, for a long time, was part of the Ottoman Empire.

When that empire collapsed after the First World War the area became the British Protectorate of ‘Palestine.’ After the Second World War the newly formed United Nations divided up the old British protectorate into a Jewish state (to be called ‘Israel’) and an Arabic state (to be called ‘Palestine’).

The Arab Palestinians rejected the United Nations declaration of their share of the territory and took up arms against Israel. The rest, you know.

That’s a whole lot of history in just a few words. But (it seems to me) two things emerge clearly:

(1) ‘Israel’ is a far more ancient name for this area than ‘Palestine’ as the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people; and

(2) people keep using the word ‘Palestine’ ignorant of the history behind the name.

You can catch up with the most recent edition of ‘Words Matter’ online. There’s a link at ozwords.com.au

 

The C-7A Caribou in Vietnam – the Hà Thành Special Forces Camp incident, August 1967

The Caribou was certainly a stalwart and reliable aircraft in Vietnam. The incident at the  Hà Thành Special Forces Camp in Quảng Ngãi Province is “infamous/notorious” in the history of the War. A US C-7A Caribou aircraft was destroyed in unusual circumstances at Hà Thành in August 1967 – struck by friendly artillery fire (see the photograph below). The US crew – two captains, one sergeant were killed in the incident.

Regards, Ernie Chamberlain

 

ED: Friendly fire incidents such as this one were a somber reality for military forces, reflecting the difficulties in coordination and communication amidst the fog of war. The Hà Thành incident remains a significant and somber chapter in the history of the C-7A Caribou’s service in Vietnam, highlighting both the aircraft’s crucial role and the profound sacrifices of those who operated and relied on it. Thanks again Ernie.

Iconic RAAF Aircraft: de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou.

The de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou, a stalwart of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), is renowned for its versatility and durability. Arriving in the RAAF’s fleet in 1964, the Caribou was promptly deployed to the Vietnam War, where it played a crucial role in supporting Australian and allied forces. The aircraft’s robust design and short take-off and landing (STOL) capabilities allowed it to transport troops, supplies, and equipment to remote and often rugged airfields close to the frontlines, areas that were otherwise inaccessible by other aircraft.

The Caribou’s performance in Vietnam showcased its ability to operate under challenging conditions, earning it a reputation for reliability and effectiveness in combat zones. This adaptability was not limited to military operations; over the next 45 years, the Caribou continued to serve across the Indian-Pacific region in various capacities. Its STOL capabilities made it an invaluable asset for delivering humanitarian aid and disaster relief. The Caribou could reach isolated communities and disaster-stricken areas where conventional aircraft could not land, providing critical support during natural disasters and emergencies.

Throughout its service life, the Caribou demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability. It participated in numerous missions, including peacekeeping operations, medical evacuations, and logistical support. Its ability to operate from unprepared airstrips and in adverse weather conditions further solidified its status as a versatile workhorse of the RAAF.

Even as aviation technology advanced, the Caribou remained in active service, a testament to its enduring design and capability. The aircraft’s retirement in 2009 marked the end of an era for the RAAF, but the legacy of the DHC-4 Caribou lives on. It is remembered not only for its service during the Vietnam War but also for its extensive contributions to humanitarian efforts and disaster relief across the globe. The Caribou’s remarkable service record and its unique operational capabilities have cemented its place as an iconic aircraft in the history of the RAAF.

ADF Tests Advanced Directed Energy Weapon System on Drones.

ADF news

The Australian Defence Force (ADF) recently conducted live fire testing of a directed energy weapons system against unmanned drones at the Puckapunyal Military Area in Victoria. The trials, held from May 27 to 31, showcased the Defence Counter-UAS Directed Energy Weapons System developed by AIM Defence, a high-power laser start-up.

In March 2024, AIM Defence secured a $4.9 million contract to produce a deployable directed energy system for the ADF, representing the first acquisition of such technology for ongoing counter-drone trials. The Fractl:2 DE system can burn through steel and accurately track and shoot down drones traveling at 100 km/h from over a kilometre away. Portable and battery-powered, it can neutralize over 50 drones per charge and operates continuously when plugged into a wall socket. The system offers near-zero usage costs as it uses light-based energy instead of ammunition.

The Fractl:2 system features an enhanced eye safety tactical laser, reducing the blinding risk common to typical one-micron systems. AIM Defence expects ADF operators to be equipped with the Fractl:2 by mid-2024. Dr. Daniel emphasized the company’s commitment to safety and operational efficiency, highlighting over 200 successful drone defeats during testing. The Fractl:2 variant is designed to be orders of magnitude safer and more deployable than other high-power laser systems.

 

Biden to Provide Protection for Illegal Immigrants

President Joe Biden is reportedly planning to issue an executive order next Tuesday aimed at providing protection to illegal immigrants. According to sources familiar with the matter, this executive action will shield these individuals from deportation and grant them work authorization, offering a significant relief to those living in fear of being removed from the country if Trump is elected. Furthermore, this measure could potentially pave the way to citizenship for immigrants, leveraging Biden’s executive powers to address a contentious immigration issue.

If implemented, this executive order could have far-reaching implications. It would not only provide immediate relief to hundreds of thousands of individuals but also set a precedent for future immigration policies under the Biden administration. The move is expected to generate both support and criticism, reflecting the deeply divided opinions on immigration in the United States. Nevertheless, it represents a significant step towards addressing the complex issues surrounding undocumented immigrants and their integration into American society.

A proud day for former gunner

Photo: Ken Murphy with battery commander Major Jack Bagwill, right, and Battery Sergeant Major, Warrant Officer Class Two Chris Saetta, following the presentation of the Queen’s Banner at Robertson Barracks.

 

In a reunion bridging decades of service, Ken Murphy, a distinguished veteran of the 101st Battery, 8th/12th Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery, recently paid his old unit a long overdue visit.

101 Battery recently transitioned from conventional gunnery to become a light littoral battery specialising in reconnaissance. However, the battery remains proud of its legacy.

Mr Murphy, a former Warrant Officer Class Two, served with 101 Battery during its contribution to the Malayan Emergency from 1959 to 1961.

During its time in Malaya, 101 Battery conducted a number of tasks as an eight-gun field battery of two troops, and a light battery of six mortars.

The battery supported the King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, the 1/3 East Anglicans and carried out ambushes with the 13th/18th Hussars. 101 Battery even became part of the British 26 Field Royal Artillery, playing a crucial role in quelling insurgent activities.

These stories, among others, are captured in the battery’s history room – a collection of photos, shell casings and roll books.

Amid the artefacts, Mr Murphy shared recollections of his service in Malaya and Vietnam, painting a story of mateship and good soldiering, and said the essence of his pride during his tenure with 101 Battery laid with the men with whom he served.

‘The best thing about the 101st Battery was the men,’ Mr Murphy said. ‘Their courage, camaraderie and unwavering commitment to each other defined our legacy.’

On a tour of the battery, Mr Murphy was shown modern equipment, including a Zodiac small inflatable boat, and surveillance reconnaissance vehicles.

He also visited his detachment’s old weapon, the M2A2 – a far cry from the littoral reconnaissance equipment that defines 101 Battery today.

During his day with serving members, he handed over the Queen’s Banner, which he served under during the Malayan Emergency.

‘The 101st Battery stands as a testament to the valour of those who served before and now,’ he said. ‘The Battery is in safe hands. The legacy of the great men I served with has carried on. I am very proud of you all.’

 

Veteran Advocate Criticizes Government’s Commitment to Veterans

Sky News

Former Special Forces Commando Heston Russell has accused the Albanese government of “paying lip service” to veterans, criticizing the Prime Minister for not fulfilling promises made to them. The Department of Veterans’ Affairs has denied a grant application for a documentary on Afghanistan veterans’ post-military lives for the second consecutive year. The documentary, planned to be filmed at the Veteran Games in August, aims to highlight veterans’ positive transitions but requires additional funding.

Russell expressed frustration on Sky News, stating that the grant was denied because the Games are considered a sporting event. He emphasized the importance of showcasing positive stories to support at-risk veterans, a demographic identified by the Royal Commission into Defence and Veteran Suicide.

Russell accused Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of breaking his 2021 promise to support veterans, noting the appointment of a non-veteran to the Veterans Affairs portfolio despite having experienced veterans in the cabinet. He highlighted the systemic issues and bureaucratic obstacles veterans face in getting support, despite government assurances.

The Royal Commission’s interim report, delivered in August 2022, made 13 recommendations to address veterans’ issues, including simplifying compensation legislation and eliminating claims backlogs. The final report is expected by September 9.

Sky News Australia has sought further information from the Department of Veterans’ Affairs regarding the grant decision but received no specific response.