Japan Advances into the Lightning Era with F-35B Training
The F-35B is designed for short take-off and vertical landing, allowing it to operate from small runways or ship decks (Picture: Royal Navy)
The F-35 Lightning II is one of the most sophisticated military aircraft in the world, with its A and B models sharing many core systems but remaining distinctly different in their capabilities. While Japan already operates the F-35A, the conventional land-based variant, the Japan Air Self-Defence Force (JASDF) is now being introduced to the F-35B.
Working with experienced F-35 pilots as part of the US Patuxent River Integrated Test Force, specialists are conducting a series of tests with the F-35B to ensure its successful integration. These trials aim to provide Japan with recommendations on how to fully operate the aircraft in the future. They also involve unique deck manoeuvres, such as landing facing aft, landing across the deck with the aircraft’s nose facing the superstructure, and vertical take-offs.
Although both F-35A and F-35B models are variants of the same aircraft, key differences set them apart. The F-35A is lighter, more agile, has greater range, and is less expensive, while the F-35B is a multi-role aircraft designed for short take-off and vertical landing. This capability allows it to operate from small runways or ship decks, making it a valuable asset for maritime operations.
There are three main variants of the F-35: A, B, and C, with all British versions being the B model. In March 2020, the UK’s then-defence minister announced that the cost of an F-35B was approximately $115 million (about £88.8 million), covering its airframe and engine expenses.
Japan has invested in 42 F-35B aircraft, which will be flown from Izumo-class multi-purpose destroyers, led by JS Kaga. Originally commissioned as a helicopter destroyer, JS Kaga is undergoing modifications to operate as a light aircraft carrier. The upgrades include an extended flight deck of more than 800 feet, a redesigned superstructure, and the removal of a ski ramp.
During the trials, extensive data has been gathered and analysed, with findings set to be presented to the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force. Further collaboration will continue, with British pilots expected to fly F-35s from the Japanese vessel again this summer as part of joint exercises in the Pacific during the 2025 Carrier Strike Group deployment.
